Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Hope (2023) by Geoffrey W Sutton and Bing AI Assessment name:   Persevering Hope Scale (PHS) Scale overview: Sandra Yu Rueger and her colleagues developed the Persevering Hope Scale (PHS) to assess peoples’ motivation to persevere in situations where the achievement of goals seems unlikely or even impossible. They drew upon knowledge from theological, empirical, and clinical experience to develop the four-item self-report measure. Authors: Sandra Yu Rueger and her colleagues Response Type: Respondents see a stem, “When an outcome I desire seems unlikely or even impossible…” then rate each variation on the perseverance theme on a scale of frequency from (1 = not at all to 5 = very). Scale items There are four items, which refer to a person’s willingness to keep trying and not give up when pursuing a desired outcome. See the article appendix for the list of items. Psychometric properties Rueger et al. (2023) conducted their research among adults in the US. A...

  Measuring Mindfulness in Children and Adolescents Assessment name:   Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) Scale overview: The Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) is a 10-item, self-report measure of “present-moment awareness, and nonjudgmental, nonavoidant responses to thoughts and feelings” designed for children and adolescents aged 10 to 17. (Greco et al., 2011) Authors: Laurie Greco, Ruth Baer, and Gregory Smith Response Type: 5-point rating scale where 0 = never true and 4 = always true. Scale items The items were based on three dimensions of mindfulness: Observing, Acting with awareness, and Accepting without judgment. Psychometric properties Factor analyses supported a single factor structure. Internal validity was good (alpha = .81). A foundation for concurrent validity included positive correlations with academic competence, social skills, and quality of life. In addition, the CAMM’s scores were inversely related to externalizin...

  Assessment name:   Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Scale overview: The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) assesses the frequency of mindful states. Authors: Kirk Brown and Richard Ryan Response Type: A 6—choice rating scale of frequency. 1 = Almost Always, 2 = Very Frequently, 3 = Somewhat Frequently, 4 = Somewhat Infrequently, 5 = Very Infrequently, 6 = Almost Never Scale items- examples I could be experiencing some emotion and not be conscious of it until some time later. I tend not to notice feelings of physical tension or discomfort until they really grab my attention.   Psychometric properties Brown and Ryan (2003) reported details for the measure in their article. For each item, the authors reported the mean, SD, factor loading and interitem correlation. Student sample Alpha = .82. Adult sample alpha = .87. In an independent   student sample, test-retest stability over 4-weeks = .81. There were no significant differenc...

  Assessment name:   Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30) Scale overview: The Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30) is a 30-item self-administered measure of psychological defense mechanisms that assesses overall defensive functioning. The 30-items were developed based on the Q-Sort version known as the DMRS-Q (Di Giuseppe et al., 2014).  Read more about defense mechanisms in psychology. Authors: Tracy A. Prout, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Sigal Zilcha-Mano, J. Christopher Perry & Ciro Conversano   Response Type: Items are rated on a scale of frequency as follows: 0 = Not at all 1 = Rarely/slightly 2 = Sometimes/somewhat 3 = Often/ a lot 4 = Very often/ much   Scale items There are 30 items related to defense mechanisms. The items represent defense mechanisms and are organized into categories based on three factors. Factor 1. Mature Defenses in the High-Adaptive level Affiliati...

  Scale name: Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) Scale overview: The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) is a self-report 29-item measure of spiritual wellbeing. There are two subscales: 10-items assess Existential Well-Being (EWB) and 10 assess Religious Well-Being (RWB).   Response Type: Items are rated on a 6-point scale of agreement: SA    Strongly Agree MA    Moderately Agree A    Agree D     Disagree MD     Moderately Disagree SD     Strongly Disagree See the manual for scoring instructions. Scale items Please see the freely available scale pdf for the items in your preferred language.   Reliability: See the manual page 3. The RWBS, EWBS, and SWBS have good reliability. For the RWBS, test-retest reliability coefficients across four studies, with 1-10 weeks between testings, are .96, .99, .96, and .88. For the EWBS, the coefficients are .86, .98, .98, and .73. For total SWBS, th...