Assessment name: Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS)
Scale
overview: The Penn Inventory
of Scrupulosity (PIOS) is a 19-item self-report measure of religious obsessive-compulsive
symptoms. The 2007 revision has 15 items.
The authors,
some of whom had clinical experience with OCD, suggest the PIOS is useful for
research and clinical practice.
Authors:
Abramowitz and other- See the 2002 reference below.
For the 15-item revision, see Olatunji et al. (2007).
Response
Type: Items are
rated on a scale of symptom frequency from 0 = never to 4 = constantly.
Scale
items
In
religious participants, the PIOS has yielded two factors: Fear of God and Fear
of Sin. The items refer to worries about unacceptable thoughts and actions from
God’s perspective and other items refer to worries about immoral thoughts and
behavior without mentioning God.
Psychometric
properties
The authors
reported strong values for internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed two factors.
Correlational analyses with other measures provided evidence of convergent and
divergent validity.
Olatunji et
al. (2007) used the revised PIOS and reported moderate positive correlations
with several measures including the Obsessive-Compulsive-Inventory-Revised, and
both the state and trait Anxiety Scales.
Note
In
psychology, scrupulosity refer to a type of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The
obsessions are religious or moral thoughts that evoke anxiety and lead to compulsive
thought and actions to reduce the anxiety.
Availability:
In 2023, this
link provided a word document for the 15-item PIOS-R
References
for the scale
Abramowitz, J. S., Huppert, J. D., Cohen, A. B., Tolin, D.
F., & Cahill, S. P. (2002). Religious obsessions and compulsions in a
non-clinical sample: the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS). Behaviour
Research and Therapy, 40, 825–838.
Olatunji BO, Abramowitz JS, Williams NL, Connolly KM, Lohr
JM. Scrupulosity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: confirmatory factor
analysis and validity of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity. Journal of
Anxiety Disorders, 2007, 21(6), 771-87. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.12.002.
Phillips, A., & Fisak, B. (2022). An examination of the
factor structure of the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity-Revised (PIOS-R) in
atheist and Christian samples. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,
14(2), 222–228. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000322
Reference
for using scales in research:
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Resource Link: A – Z Test Index
NOTICE:
The
information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and
researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors,
materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by
contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the
article list.
Post Author
Geoffrey W. Sutton PhD is
Emeritus Professor of Psychology who publishes book and articles about clinical
and social psychology including the psychology of religion. Website: www.suttong.com
Books available on AMAZON and the GOOGLE STORE
Connections
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