Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Woman above cemetery 2023 Geoffrey W Sutton and Bing AI Assessment name:   Connection of Soul Scale (COS) Scale overview: The Connection of Soul Scale (COS) is a 12-item measure of three categories of belief in the life of one’s soul after death: Secular, God-centered, Cosmic-Spiritual Authors: Amy L. Li et al. Response Type: Respondents rate each item on a six-point scale of agreement from 0 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Scale items The 12 COS items are associated with one of the three factors or subscales. Each subscale has four items. The secular view reflects a lack of belief in an afterlife. The God-centered view was designed to assess beliefs in Western ideas such as a soul’s existence in paradise or heaven. The Cosmic- spiritual view includes items associated with Eastern religions such as reaching enlightenment or joining with a universal spirit. Psychometric properties In their study, Ai et al. (2014) reported data from three studies. Two studie

  Assessment name:   Islamic Doctrinal Orthodoxy (IDO) Scale overview: The Islamic Doctrinal Orthodoxy (IDO) scale is an eight-item self-report measure of Islamic beliefs (Ji & Ibrahim, 2007). Authors: Ji & Ibrahim Response Type: Participants rate the items on a 9-point scale of agreement. Scale items : The authors (Ji & Ibrahim, 2007b) reported two factors: Cognitive-Abstract Orthodoxy (CAO) and Ritualistic-Judgmental Orthodoxy (RJO). The items assess agreement with Islamic teachings on Allah, Mohammed the Prophet, the Koran, the five pillars of Islam, and the last judgment. Examples CAO: “I believe there is no other God but Allah” RJO: “Salah is crucial to the life of a Muslim” Psychometric properties Overall alpha was high at .90 (Ji & Ibrahim, 2007a). The alpha levels for the subscales were also high (Ji & Ibrahim, 2007b) CAO = .93 and RJO = .83. The correlation of the IDO with Intrinsic religiosity was low but reliable (.17). There were

  Assessment name:   Preliminary Belief Questions About God’s and Satan’s Involvement in Life Events Scale overview: The Preliminary Belief Questions About God’s and Satan’s Involvement in Life Events is a 9-item survey used to evaluate the beliefs of Christian participants before they completed a study revealing their attribution of positive and negative events to God or Satan. Authors: Ray, Shanna D., Lockman, Jennifer D., Jones, Emily J., & Kelly, Melanie H. (2015) Response Type: Responses for the 9 items ranged from 1 to 5 on a 5-point rating scale from Strongly disagree , Disagree , No Opinion , Agree , to Strongly agree. Scale items There are nine items forming one scale. Six items refer to God’s involvement in life events. For example, items refer to God as causing positive or negative events. Two items mention Satan and refer to Satan’s existence and power to cause negative events. Psychometric properties The survey was completed by 109 participants. The res

  brain-heart by Geoffrey Sutton & Bing AI 2023 Assessment name:   Religious Head: Heart Beliefs Scale Scale overview: The Religious Head: Heart Beliefs Scale is a 26-item self-report measure of religious beliefs. The concepts of head and heart were explained in the authors’ literature review. Briefly, head beliefs refer to propositions and mental representations of reality in memory. Heart beliefs refer to implicit and intuitive knowledge, which includes affect. See Park and Carney (2022). Authors: Crystal Park and Carney 2022 Response Type: Items are rated on a scale using a 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) format with a “cannot say” option. Subscales and Examples of Scale items The 26 items are assigned to subscales. The full scale is in the PsycTESTS reference. Supernatural beliefs   There exists an all-powerful, all-knowing, loving God Two Views of God Subscales    Positive views of God             Kind    Negative views of God          

  Scale name:   Five-Factor LAMBI Scale of God Representations Scale overview A 25-item scale that measures how people view God. The five letters in LAMBI reflect the five dimensions based on factors identified by statistical analyses. Participants rate each one-word item based on their belief about or experience with God rather than what may be considered a correct belief. Authors: Johnson, Kathryn A., Okun, Morris A., Cohen, Adam B., Sharp, Carissa A., & Hook, Joshua N. Response Type A Likert-type scale with a 7-point rating from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree Subscales and sample items The five subscales are called dimensions. Following each dimension is one of the words participants rate. See the reference to obtain the full scale. L = Limitless e.g., infinite A = Authoritarian e.g., strict M = Mystical e.g., nature B = Benevolent e.g., gracious I = Ineffable Also, 3 items assess views of “No God” that is, Nonexistent, imaginary, and nor real.

  Scale name: Belief in God Measure Scale overview This is a five-item self-report measure. Authors: J. B. Grubbs et al. Response Type All items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type rating. Subscales Sample items I don’t know whether there is a God, and I don’t believe that there is any way to find out. Psychometric The measure was used to screen for people who believed in God in a study about anger toward God. Availability The items can be found in the references below. Permissions -- if identified May be used in noncommercial research and for educational purposes. SCOPES domain = Self/spirituality Reference Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). Belief in God Measure.  PsycTESTS . https://doi.org/10.1037/t28363-000   Grubbs, J. B., Exline, J. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). I deserve better and god knows it! Psychological entitlement as a robust predictor of anger at God. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality