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The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.

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God Image Scales (GIS)

Assessment name: The God Image Scales (GIS)

Scale overview: The God Image Scales (GIS) are a collection of six scales in a 72-item format.

Author: Richard T. Lawrence

Response Type: Items are rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale of agreement.

Six Scales

Lawrence grouped the 72 items into six subscales listed below. The number following the scale is the Cronbach’s alpha value from Lawrence (1997).

Presence .95

Challenge .81

Acceptance .83

Benevolence .84

Influence .89

Providence .89

Reliability:

The Cronbach’s alpha values follow the scale name in the list of six scales.

Validity:

Based on Lawrence (1997), factor analysis revealed overlap among the six scales. All six scales were positively correlated with a measure of intrinsic religious orientation ranging from .56 for Benevolence to .82 for Presence. The correlations with church attendance were also positive and ranged from .36 to .54.

Availability:

The full set of 72 items can be found in Lawrence (1997).

Reference for the scale

Lawrence, R. T. (1997). Measuring the image of God: The God Image Inventory and the God Image Scales. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 25(2), 214–226.

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https://www.westmont.edu/sites/default/files/users/user401/SWBS%20Manual%202.0_0.pdf

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Friday, October 14, 2022

Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS)

Scale name: Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB)

Scale overview: The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWB) is a self-report 29-item measure of spiritual wellbeing. There are two subscales: 10-items assess Existential Well-Being (EWB) and 10 assess Religious Well-Being (RWB).

Response Type: Items are rated on a 6-point scale of agreement:

SA   Strongly Agree
MA   Moderately Agree
A   Agree
D Disagree
MD Moderately Disagree
SD Strongly Disagree

See the manual for scoring instructions.

Scale items

Please see the freely available scale pdf for the items in your preferred language.

Reliability: See the manual page 3.

The RWBS, EWBS, and SWBS have good reliability. For the RWBS, test-retest reliability coefficients across four studies, with 1-10 weeks between testings, are .96, .99,

.96, and .88. For the EWBS, the coefficients are .86, .98, .98, and .73. For total SWBS,

the coefficients are .93, .99, .99, and .82.

The index of internal consistency, coefficient alpha, also shows high reliability. Across 7 samples, the internal consistency coefficients ranged from .82 to .94 (RWB), .78 to .86 (EWB), and .89 to .94 (SWB) (Bufford, Paloutzian, & Ellison, 1991).

Validity:

See the manual page 4.

SWB, RWB, and EWB are correlated positively with a positive self-concept, sense of purpose in life, physical health, and emotional adjustment. They are negatively correlated with ill health, emotional maladjustment, and lack of purpose in life (Bufford, Paloutzian, & Ellison, 1991). See Paloutzian et al., (2012, 2021) for more extensive and up-to-date information.

Availability: (Note these links worked on 14 October 2022)

I found the manual with the scale and details at this address

The scale is available in many languages and there is no cost but users must include the copyright information.

This is a link to the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, which is available in many languages. https://www.westmont.edu/psychology/raymond-paloutzian-spiritual-wellbeing-scale

References for the scale

Bufford, Rodger & Paloutzian, Raymond & Ellison, Craig. (1991). The Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Journal of Psychology and Theology. 19. 56-70. 10.1177/009164719101900106.

Czech version

Tavel, P., Sandora, J., Furstova, J., Lacev, A., Husek, V., Puzova, Z., Solcova, I. P., & Malinakova, K. (2021). Spiritual Well-Being Scale--Czech Version. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t79654-000

French version

Velasco, L., & Rioux, L. (2009). Spiritual Well-Being Scale—French Version. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t45690-000

Additional references may be found at this link

(Note this link worked on 14 October 2022)

https://www.westmont.edu/psychology/raymond-paloutzian-spiritual-wellbeing-scale

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A Related Book on Spiritual Well-Being

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Wednesday, September 7, 2022

Attitudes and Experiences of Evangelical Christians with Mental Distress

Scale name: Attitudes and Experiences of Evangelical Christians with Mental Distress

Scale overview: Lloyd and Waller (2020) used nine items to assess the relationship of spiritual etiology to mental distress in a British sample (n = 446).

Response Type and items:

The 9-questions were organized into three groups. Respondents were presented with different response options depending on the question.

1. Spiritualization of Mental Distress 1-4

Example: Has your current or previous church or related teaching taught that mental distress was the result of demons, spirits or generational curses? Response options were yes, no, or unsure.

2. Views on secular/psychological treatments 5 – 7.

Example: 5. Do you believe psychological treatments, such as therapy, can be successful in treating mental distress? Response options were yes, no, or unsure. Questions 6-7 asked about church support.

3. Interaction with the Church community 8-9

Example: Overall, how do you feel about your church’s attitude towards mental distress? This was rated on a 5-point scale of very positive to very negative. The next items asked, “How has your interaction with the church, in relation to your mental health, affected your faith?” Response options were Strengthened it, Not impacted it, or Weakened it.

The researchers also asked about the cause of mental distress. Respondents had five options. Examples include traumatic or negative life experiences and Other spiritual causes (generational curses, demonic, the occult, etc.)

Results

The researchers reported the percentage of responses endorsed in two tables and provided a summary in the text. In the discussion, they note differences with similar surveys in the United States

Availability:

The questions can be found in the article below. The 9-questions are in Table 1 along with the answers.

Reference for the scale

Christopher E. M. Lloyd & Robert M. Waller (2020): Demon? Disorder? Or none of the above? A survey of the attitudes and experiences of evangelical Christians with mental distress, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2019.1675148

Pdf found on Researchgate 7 September 2022

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Tuesday, June 28, 2022

POST ABORTION QUESTIONNAIRE PAQ

Scale name: POST ABORTION QUESTIONNAIRE PAQ

Scale overview: The Post-Abortion Questionnaire (PAQ) has 4-items designed to identify the treatment preferences of college women following an abortion.

Response Type: Checklist and fill in the blank

Partial example

The following topics are suggested areas for post-abortion psychological support. Please indicate all areas that may be of interest to you by marking an X.

____Assist with grief and loss issues associated with abortion
____Assist with improving coping skills after abortion
____Assist with addressing guilt associated with abortion
____Assist with addressing spiritual issues associated with abortion

[See the reference for the full PAQ.

Notes

The authors used the PAQ in a study, which included measures of anxiety and depression, and grief. See the Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology reference for the results and discussion.

NOTICE:

Availability:

The complete scale is in the PsycTESTS reference below.

References for the scale

Curley, M., & Johnston, C. (2014). Post Abortion Questionnaire. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t62176-000

Curley, M., & Johnston, C. (2014). Exploring treatment preferences for psychological services after abortion among college students. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology,32(3), 304-320. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2013.879566

Link to resource on ResearchGate

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AMAZON

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AMAZON

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Related Scales

ABORTION

Attitudes Toward Abortion Scale >>  ATAS
Attitudes Toward Abortion Questionnaire >>  ATAQ
Post Abortion Questionnaire >>  PAQ

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Wednesday, June 8, 2022

Spiritual Modeling Self-Efficacy (SMSE)

Scale name: Spiritual Modeling Self-Efficacy (SMSE)

Scale overview: The Spiritual Modeling Self-Efficacy scale is a 10-item self-report measure of a person’s ability to learn from spiritual models.

The scale is based on Bandura’s social learning theory. People learn best from models when they perceive they have the capacity to do what the model does (self-efficacy).

Read more about self-efficacy.

Authors: Doug Oman et al. (See reference article below.)

Response Type: Respondents were instructed to rate each item on a scale from 0 (cannot do at all) to 100 (certain can do) representing the degree of certainty that they could perform the action described in each item.

Sample items

1. Identify persons in my family or community who, at least in some

respects, offer good spiritual examples for me

3. Be aware almost daily of the spiritual actions and attitudes of people in my

family and community who are good spiritual examples

Subscales = 2

SMSE-C five items refer to community models

SMSE-P five items refer to prominent models

Reliability: 7-week test-retest reliability was .83 in Oman et al. (2009).

Validity: The authors report evidence of construct, divergent, and convergent validity in the article.

Availability: The items can be found in Table 1 on page 283 of the article.

Permissions -- if identified

Contact author: Doug Oman, School of Public Health, 50 University Hall #7360, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94971-7360.

E-mail: dougoman@post.harvard.edu

Reference for the scale

Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Park, C. L., Shaver, P. R., Hood, R. W., & Plante, T. G. (2012). Spiritual modeling self-efficacy. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(4), 278–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027941

Additional related reference

Oman, D., Thoresen, C. E., Park, C. L., Shaver, P. R., Hood, R. W., & Plante, T. G. 2009). How does one become spiritual? The Spiritual Modeling Inventory of Life Environments (SMILE). Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12, 427–456. doi: 10.1080/13674670902758257

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