Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Cramer’s V . A correlation coefficient that may be used with nominal data. It is often included with chi-square test reports. More details about Cramer's V. Cramér's V is a measure of association for categorical data, particularly useful when examining the strength of the relationship between two nominal variables. It provides a value between   0   (no association) and   1   (perfect association), making it an excellent follow-up measure after conducting a Chi-Square test. Here's the formula: V = √(χ² / (n × min(k - 1, r - 1))) Where: χ²   is the Chi-Square statistic. n   is the total number of observations. k   is the number of categories in one variable. r   is the number of categories in the other variable. Example: Preferences for Therapy Types and Age Groups Imagine a psychology researcher is studying whether preferences for therapy (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Group Therapy, Art Therapy) are associated with age groups (Y...

  Chi-Square is a statistical test that can be used to analyze results from categorical variables. Categorical variables are variables that contain clearly different groups. The chi-square statistic is used with frequency data.  The chi-square value is reported with a probability ( p ) value indicating significance.  For example, we can use chi-square to test for an association between frequency of attendance at organizational meetings and age groups (category variable).  Common measures of effect size associated with chi-square analyses are Cramer’s V or the phi coefficient. Read more details about Chi Square below the book information. Applied Statistics: Concepts for Counselors on  AMAZON  or  GOOGLE Creating Surveys   on  AMAZON      or    GOOGLE  Worldwide ********** The Chi-Square test is a statistical method used to determine whether there is a significant association between categorical variab...

Can you answer these questions that every counselor ought to know? Choose the BEST available answer. I'll post the answers below. 1. If the correlation between a test of intelligence and a test of achievement is usually between .88 and .92, how well can you use the intelligence test results to predict achievement test results? A. Very well B. Moderately well C. Not well at all D. None of the above 2. A personality test score was high on a scale of Extraversion. The validity of the Extraversion scale was reported as .52 to .57 compared to similar tests. How much confidence should the person have that their score is "valid?" A. A high degree B. A moderate degree C. A low degree D. None of the above 3. School counselors administered a questionnaire to 1,000 students. They calculated results for answers about four school improvements rated on a scale of 1 to 5. Most of the scores were in the range of 18 to 20. The counselors reported a mean rating o...