Measures of Forgiveness and Restoration
Scale names: Leadership Restoration Scales
Leadership Restoration Scale: Forgive and Restore (LRSF)
Leadership Restoration Scale: Restoration
(LRSR)
Scales overview
Two short scales measure two dimensions of congregants
views on restoring a religious leader to ministry. One scale includes
forgiveness (LRSF) and a second scale focuses exclusively on degrees of restoration
without mentioning forgiveness (LRSR).
Author(s)
Sutton and Jordan (2013).
Items
The LRSF is a 3-item scale of forgiveness and restoration
The LRSR is a 6-item scale of restoration
Response Type
A 7-point rating scale with anchors 1 = Very Strongly
Agree and 7 = Very Strongly Disagree. See example below.
Sample items
The full scales can be found in Sutton and Jordan
(2013) or can be downloaded here- see availability below.
LRSF Scale
2. The victim or
victims offended by the person need to forgive the person before the person can
be restored to any public ministry position.
Very Strongly Agree
|
Strongly Agree
|
Mostly Agree
|
Somewhat Agree
|
Somewhat Disagree
|
Strongly Disagree
|
Very Strongly Disagree
|
7
|
6
|
5
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
LRSR Scale
3. It is unlikely
that this person could return to the same or similar public ministry position.
Very Strongly Agree
|
Strongly Agree
|
Mostly Agree
|
Somewhat Agree
|
Somewhat Disagree
|
Strongly Disagree
|
Very Strongly Disagree
|
7
|
6
|
5
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
Descriptive Statistics
These data are based on a sample of 169 people who
reported knowing a member of the clergy who committed an offense (Sutton &
Jordan, 2013). Skew and kurtosis were within normal limits for both measures.
LRSF M = 9.85, SD = 4.79
LRSR M = 17.96, SD = 6.61
Validity
The two LRS scales measure different responses to restoring
a leader. Although they are not significantly related to each other (r =
.40) they are differently related to other measures of forgiveness and
spirituality. A statistically significant relationship was defined as p <
.05.
LRSF was significantly positively correlated with TRIM-A
(Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations- Avoidance; McCullough
et al., 1998)
LRSF was significantly negatively correlated with the
following scales
CSRI 1 (Clergy Situational Restoration Inventory)
IER-EP (Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religiosity Scale
Revised-Extrinsic Personal Subscale; Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989)
LRSR (Leadership Restoration Scale-Restore) was
significantly positively
correlated with the following scales
TRIM-A (Transgression Related InterpersonalMotivations- Avoidance; McCullough et al., 1998)
CRSI Level I offenses: Clergy Situational
Restoration Inventory
CRSI Level 2 offenses: Clergy Situational
Restoration Inventory
LRSR (Leadership Restoration Scale-Restore) was
significantly negatively
correlated with the SCBCS (Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale, Hwang et
al., 2008)
Availability
See Appendix B of Sutton and Jordan (2013) or
Click Here
to Download Scales
Permissions -- if identified
The scales may be used in research and teaching at no charge. Please
cite Sutton & Jordan (2013).
The scales may be modified to fit specific situations but kindly cite the Sutton & Jordan (2013) reference.
For use in books or any commercial use,
contact Geoffrey W. Sutton PhD at suttong@evangel.edu
Link to the related CSRI
scales
References
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. R., O'Connor,
L. E., Parrott, L., & Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful
rumination, and affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73,
183–225. doi:10.1111/j.14676494.2004.00308.x.
Gorsuch, R. L., & McPherson, S. E.
(1989). Intrinsic/extrinsic measurement: I/E-Revised and single item scales. Journal
for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 348–354. doi:10.2307/1386745.
Hwang, J., Plante, T., & Lackey, K.
(2008). The development of the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale: an
abbreviation of Sprecher and Fehr's compassionate love scale. Pastoral
Psychology, 56, 421–428. doi:10.1007/s11089-008-0117-2.
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K., Sandage, S.
J., Worthington, E., Brown, S., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal
forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586–1603.
doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586.
Sutton, G. W. (2016). A House Divided: Sexuality, morality, and Christian cultures.
Eugene, OR: Pickwick. ISBN: 9781498224888 AMAZON
Sutton, G. W. & Jordan, K. (2013). Evaluating
attitudes toward clergy restoration: The psychometric properties of two scales.
Pastoral Psychology. doi
10.1007/s11089-013-0527-7 Published online 16 March 2013. [Citation for these scales.]
Sutton, G. W., McLeland, K. C., Weaks, K.
Cogswell, P. E., & Miphouvieng, R. N. (2007). Does gender matter? An
exploration of gender, spirituality, forgiveness and restoration following
pastor transgressions. Pastoral Psychology. 55,
645-663. doi 10.1007/ s11089-007-0072-3 ResearchGate Link Academia Link
Sutton, G.W., & Thomas, E. K. (2005).
Can derailed pastors be restored? Effects of offense and age on restoration. Pastoral Psychology, 53, 583-599. Academia Link Research Gate Link
Thomas, E. K., White, K., & Sutton, G.W.
(2008). Religious leadership failure: Apology, responsibility-taking, gender,
forgiveness, and restoration. Journal
of Psychology and Christianity, 27, 16-29. Academia Link Research Gate Link
Resource for using scales in research:
Creating Surveys on AMAZON or GOOGLE
Reference for clinicians on understanding assessment
Applied Statistics Concepts for Counselors on AMAZON or GOOGLE
Resource Link: A – Z Test Index
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