Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Scale name: Prayer Inventory Scale overview: The Prayer Inventory is a 24-item rating scale. Authors: Bänziger, S., van Uden, M., & Janssen, J. Response Type: The items are rated on a 7-point scale  (Never=  1; Occasionally=2; Sometimes=3; Regularly=4;  Often=5; Very often=6; Always=7). Sample items             4. In my prayers, I ask for forgiveness 14. Difficult moments are a reason to pray Reliability and Validity: See the 2008 article for details. Availability: The 24-items are available in the PsyTESTS reference. Permissions : PsycTESTS, advises contact of the publisher and corresponding author.   References Bänziger, S., van Uden, M., & Janssen, J. (2008). Prayer Inventory [Database record]. Retrieved from PsycTESTS . doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t41613-000 Bänziger, Sarah, van Uden, Marinus, & Janssen, Jacques. (2008). Praying and coping: The relation b...

  Scale name:    Behaviors Toward God Scale (BTGS) Scale overview: The Behaviors Toward God Scale (BTGS) is an 18-item self-report measure of  behavioral  responses toward God when people experience a spiritual or religious struggle. The items are grouped into four subscales. Authors: Julie J. Exline et al. (2021) Response Type:    Participants read a statement and rate their behavioral response from 0 = not at all to 10 = extremely. Subscales: Four (sample item in parentheses) 1. Approach – draw close (tried to trust God) 2. Disengage - turn away or exit (ignored God) 3. Protest-   complain, argue, or question (asked God "Why?") 4. Suppress – avoid or minimize negative feelings toward God (tried to hide feelings of anger or disappointment toward God)   Reliability: alpha values for the four subscales ranged from .80 to .89 in study 1 and .79 to .91 in study 2 (Exline et al., 2021) Validity: The Exline  et al. 20...

  Scale name: Perceived Conflict between Evolution and Religion (PCoRE) Scale overview: Authors: M. Elizabeth Barnes, K. Supriya, Yi Zheng, Julie A. Roberts, and Sara E. Brownell Response Type: Participants rate each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree.   Subscales with a sample item: There are four subscales as follows:   1. Perceived conflict between evolution and belief in God My belief in God makes it harder to believe that all of life on Earth evolved from ancient microscopic life.   2 . Perceived conflict between evolution and religious teachings The teachings of my religion contradict that all of life on Earth evolved from ancient microscopic life.   3 . Perceived conflict with evolution among religious community My religious community does not believe that all of life on Earth evolved from ancient microscopic life.   4. Perceived conflict between evolution and religious beliefs ...

  Scale name: Spiritual Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ) Scale overview: The  Spiritual Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ)  is a 17-item self-report questionnaire that uses a 4-point Likert Type response format to measure two dimensions of abuse: Power-based affective wounding and Conditionality. Author: Kathryn Hope Keller   Response Type: 4-point Likert type. The choices are: Strongly disagree, Disagree, Agree, Strongly agree. Subscales and Sample Items: There are two subscales. 1. Power-based Affective Wounding : “At times, I was scolded by my leader and made to feel ashamed and helpless” and “I now feel cynical about church/religious groups.”   2. Conditionality: “I believed I could be totally surrendered to God if I did everything perfectly according to the church/group’s instructions,” and “I believed God would punish me if I didn’t do what my church/group encouraged me to do.” Reliability: Alpha for the 17-item scale was .95 (Keller, 2016). ...

  Scale name: God Images (4 different but related scales) Scales overview The researchers evaluated 16-items describing different god-images. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded four factors, which are the four subscales each having four items. Authors: Nguyen & Zuckerman (2016)   Response Type All items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type rating: 1 (This does NOT reflect my belief AT ALL) to 7 (This reflects my belief COMPLETELY). Subscales (4) with a sample item (each scale has 4 items)            1. Relational God I feel I am close to God            2. God-as-provider Those who believe in God will be rewarded.            3. God-as-ruler Events that happen in this world are part of God’s plan.            4. God-as-creator     ...

  Scale name:   Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief 2.0 Scale overview The ICSG 2.0 is a 28-item scale. Participants are asked to think about their loss and respond to items to express their beliefs about their feelings. The second version was published as ICSG 2.0 in 2019. Authors: Laurie A. Burke and others (2014) - see reference below For Version 2.0 See Burke et al., 2019 and Burke et al., 2021 Response Type All items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type rating. Subscales : The authors list items associated with three subscales: 1. Insecurity with God 2. Disruption in Religious Practice 3. Estrangement from Spiritual Community Sample items   I’m confused as to why God would let this happen.  People in my spiritual community don’t want me to express my grief much or at all.   Reliability and Validity See the publications for details. Internal consistency is strong. Experts and focus group participants provided evidence of c...