Enneagram Personality Test RHETI

Scale name: Enneagram [Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator [RHETI®]

Scale overview: There is more than one version of the Enneagram, which purports to measure how an individual’s personality fits with nine types. The version referred to in this post is the RHETI®—see above for the full name.

A study by Newgent et al. (2004) used the 144-item forced choice format.

Authors: Don Richard Riso and Russ Hudson

Response Type: Forced-choice format

Subscales: There are nine types referred to by number and a label:

1 Reformer- principled, idealistic

2 Helper- caring, interpersonal

3 Achiever- adaptable, success-oriented

4. Individualist- romantic, introspective

5 Investigator- intense, cerebral

6 Loyalist- committed, security-oriented

7 Enthusiast- busy, productive

8 Challenger- powerful, dominating

9 Peacemaker- easy-going, self-effacing

More detailed descriptions can be found at The Enneagram Institute

Sample item: (Newgent, et al., 2004, p. 228)

Item I contains the following two responses: "I've been romantic and imaginative" and "I’ve been pragmatic and down to earth." The first response is associated with the Individualist and the second response is associated with the Loyalist

Reliability: In their small study, Newgent et al. (2004) reported a range of alpha values from .56 (Achiever, Investigator) to .82 (Helper) six scales were at or above alpha .70.

Validity: Newgent et al. (2004) administered a version of the Big Five (NEO PI-R). They calculated correlations and performed a canonical variate analysis. They reported that all of the RHETI types were significantly correlated with at least one of the five NEO PI-R factors. See Table 1 for the details.

Notes

Hook et al. (2021) published a review of the literature on the Enneagram. They found mixed evidence regarding reliability and validity. Factor analyses have found less than nine factors.

Several have found the Enneagram useful in spiritual growth. For example, see (Kam, 2018; Singletary, 2020).

In the SCOPES model, the Enneagram fits in the O = Observable behavior pattern of functioning.

Availability

Link to the Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator version 2.5

The fee was $12 on the date of this blogpost

A shorter, 36-item version is free online as of the date of this blogpost

Link to Open Enneagram of Personality Scales

Big Five Personality Test

HEXACO Personality Test

SCOPES model of human functioning

References

Hook, J. N., Hall, T. W., Davis, D. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., & Conner, M. (2021). The Enneagram: A systematic review of the literature and directions for future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(4), 865–883. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23097

Kam, C. (2018). Integrating divine attachment theory and the Enneagram to help clients of abuse heal in their images of self, others, and God. Pastoral Psychology, 67(4), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-018-0817-1

Newgent, R. A., Parr, P. E., Newman, I., & Higgins, K.K. (2004) The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator: Estimates of reliability and validity. Measurement and evaluation in counseling and development, 36, 226-237.

Singletary, J. (2020). Head, heart, and hand: Understanding Enneagram centers for leadership development. Social Work & Christianity, 47(4), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.34043/swc.v47i3.126

Reference for using scales in research:

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