Injustice Gap Scale (IGS)

 

Assessment name:   Injustice Gap Scale (IGS)

Scale overview: The 4-item Injustice Gap Scale (IGS) was created to assess the gap experienced following an offense. The studies focused on the idea that the size of the justice gap is related to the difficulty in forgiving an offense.

 

Authors: Don Davis and others

 

Response Type: Items are rated on a visual scale of agreement between 0 = strongly disagree to 100 = strongly agree.

 

Scale items

There are 4-items stating beliefs about God (or the Sacred) ensuring that justice will prevail.

 

Psychometric properties

Factor analysis revealed support for a single factor. The factor loadings ranged from .74 to .91 and Cronbach’s alpha was .90. Correlations with other measures supported concurrent validity.

Availability:

The list of all 4 items is available in the PsycTESTS reference. The measure is available to use for noncommercial and educational purposes without seeking permission.

 

References for the scale

 

Davis, Don E., Yang, Xioahui, DeBlaere, Cirleen, McElroy, Stacey E., Van Tongeren, Daryl R., Hook, Joshua N., & Worthington, Everett L. (2016). The injustice gap. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, Vol 8(3), 175-184. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rel0000042

Davis, D. E., Yang, X., DeBlaere, C., McElroy, S. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., Hook, J. N., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2016). Relinquishing Justice to the Sacred Measure [Database record]. Retrieved from PsycTESTS. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t53181-000

  

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NOTICE:

The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.

 

Post Author

 

Geoffrey W. Sutton PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology who publishes book and articles about clinical and social psychology including the psychology of religion. Website:     www.suttong.com

  

Books available on   AMAZON       and the   GOOGLE STORE

 

Connections

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Spiritual Struggles Interview Questions

 

Assessment name:  Spiritual Struggles Interview

Overview: The Spiritual Struggles Interview (SSI) is a structured interview, which includes a set of questions regarding a life problem that included a spiritual aspect.

 

Authors:  Maria Gear Haugen, and Kenneth Pargament

 

Response Type: A spoken response to a series of open-ended questions.

Items

The items are in the form of questions, which the authors describe as three types. A brief description follows.

1. With the divine- questions regarding how the person perceived God in the situation.

2. With others- questions related to relationships, forgiveness, and religious practices like prayer.

3. Within the person – questions about inner conflicts, doubts, and self-blame.

 

Availability:

The full set of questions are available in the PsycTESTS reference below. The questions may be used for educational and research purposes.

 

Reference for the scale

Haugen, M. R. G., & Pargament, K. I. (2012). Spiritual Struggles Interview [Database record]. Retrieved from PsycTESTS. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t18730-000

Haugen, M. R. G., & Pargament, K. I. (2013). Spirituality: Spiritual struggles as a fork in the road to the sacred Activities for teaching positive psychology: A guide for instructors, (pp. 53-57). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14042-009

 

 

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Reference for clinicians on understanding assessment

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Resource Link:  A – Z Test Index

 

 

NOTICE:

The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.

 

Post Author

 

Geoffrey W. Sutton PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology who publishes book and articles about clinical and social psychology including the psychology of religion. Website:     www.suttong.com

  

Books available on   AMAZON       and the   GOOGLE STORE

 

Connections

   FACEBOOK   Geoff W. Sutton  

  

   TWITTER  @Geoff.W.Sutton

 

   PINTEREST  www.pinterest.com/GeoffWSutton

 

Read many published articles and book samples on:

 

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Divine Spiritual Struggles Scale

 

Assessment name:  Divine Spiritual Struggles Scale

Scale overview: The Divine Spiritual Struggles Scale measures the degree of distress experienced by adolescents in their relationship with God or a higher power. Scale data were obtained from a sample of adolescents who reported sexual abuse.

 

Authors: Ernest Jouriles and others (see scale reference)

 

 Response Type: Four items are rated on a 4-point scale of frequency related to feeling “punished, abandoned, and questioned God’s love” when they thought about sexual abuse in the preceding month.

0 = not at all

1 = somewhat

2 = quite a bit

3 = a great deal

Scale items

The four items in the scale can be found in the PsycTESTS reference below.

Psychometric properties

The scale was used in two studies (see Jouriles et al., 2020) with a combined n of 347 adolescents who had a mean age of 13.53 and 13.71, respectively. More than 90% were girls. Most of the girls identified as Christian.

Reliability and discriminant validity values were reported. Higher scores on the scale were significantly correlated with adjustment problems after adjusting for other included variables.

 

Availability:

The four items in the scale can be found in the PsycTESTS reference below.

 

Reference for the scale

Jouriles, E. N., Rancher, C., Mahoney, A., Kurth, C., Cook, K., & McDonald, R. (2020). Divine spiritual struggles and psychological adjustment among adolescents who have been sexually abused. Psychology of Violence, 10(3), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000274 

Jouriles, E. N., Rancher, C., Mahoney, A., Kurth, C., Cook, K., & McDonald, R. (2020). Divine Spiritual Struggles Scale. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t83716-000

Related Scales 

Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale

The Brief RCOPE scale (Religious Coping)

Reference for using scales in research:

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Reference for clinicians on understanding assessment

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Resource Link:  A – Z Test Index

 

 

 

NOTICE:

The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.

 

Post Author

 

Geoffrey W. Sutton PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology who publishes book and articles about clinical and social psychology including the psychology of religion. Website:     www.suttong.com

  

Books available on   AMAZON       and the   GOOGLE STORE

 

Connections

   FACEBOOK   Geoff W. Sutton  

  

   TWITTER  @Geoff.W.Sutton

 

   PINTEREST  www.pinterest.com/GeoffWSutton

 

Read many published articles and book samples on:

 

  Academia   Geoff W Sutton   

 

  ResearchGate   Geoffrey W Sutton 

 

 

 

 

Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Q-Sort

 

Assessment name:  Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Q-Sort

Scale overview: The Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Q-Sort version (DMRS-Q) is a measure of defensemechanisms designed for clinical use. The measure assesses nonpsychotic defenses according to a seven level hierarchy of adaptiveness. Clinicians can enter data into an online resource which will score and report the results.

 Read more about defense mechanisms in psychology.

Authors: Di Giuseppe and Perry

Scale items: There are five items for each of 30 defense mechanisms for a total of 150 items. The items linked to the 30 defense mechanisms and levels are listed and described in Di Giuseppe, M., & Perry, J. C. (2021).

 

Psychometric data:

Interrater reliability values and criterion validity were reported in Di Giuseppe, M., & Perry, J. C. (2021).

 

Availability:

See the DMRS-Q website at https://www.dmrs-q.com/. At the time of this writing, the web app was free to use. The web page includes a tutorial and additional information about the measures.

 Read more about the 7 Level Hierarchy of Defense Mechanisms.

Reference for the scale

Di Giuseppe, M., & Perry, J. C. (2021). The Hierarchy of Defense Mechanisms: Assessing Defensive Functioning With the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-Sort. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 718440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718440

 

Di Giuseppe, M., Perry, J. C., Petraglia, J., Janzen, J., & Lingiardi, V.(2014). Development of a Q-Sort version of the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS-Q) for clinical use. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22089

 

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Resource Link:  A – Z Test Index

 

 

Related measure

Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30)

 

NOTICE:

The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.

 

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Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30)

 

Assessment name:  Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30)

Scale overview: The Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30) is a 30-item self-administered measure of psychological defense mechanisms that assesses overall defensive functioning. The 30-items were developed based on the Q-Sort version known as the DMRS-Q (Di Giuseppe et al., 2014).

 Read more about defense mechanisms in psychology.

Authors: Tracy A. Prout, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Sigal Zilcha-Mano, J. Christopher

Perry & Ciro Conversano

 

Response Type: Items are rated on a scale of frequency as follows:

0 = Not at all

1 = Rarely/slightly

2 = Sometimes/somewhat

3 = Often/ a lot

4 = Very often/ much

 

Scale items

There are 30 items related to defense mechanisms. The items represent defense mechanisms and are organized into categories based on three factors.

Factor 1. Mature Defenses in the High-Adaptive level

Affiliation

Altruism

Anticipation

Humor

Self-assertion

Self-observation

Sublimation

Suppression

Factor 2: Mental Inhibition and Avoidance – Obsessional, Neurotic and Disavowal levels

Isolation of affects

Intellectualization

Undoing

Repression

Dissociation

Reaction formation

Displacement

Denial

Autistic fantasy

 

3. Depressive and Immature defenses

Devaluation

Idealization

Rationalization

Projection

Projective identification

Splitting of other’s image

Splitting of self-image

Passive aggression

Help-rejecting complaining

Acting out

 

 

Reliability and Validity

See Di Giuseppe et al. (2020) and Prout et al. (2022) articles below for psychometric data on the DMRS-30-SR scale. The researchers have provided the results of a factor analysis, coefficient alpha values, and correlations with other measures.

 

The results yield several scores. The ODF (Overall Defensive Functioning) score is based on all 30 items. Prout et al. (2022) reported ODF (M = 5.43, SD = 0.61) alpha .90 in their sample of 1,549 participants.

Availability:

The full text of the English and Italian versions can be found in the Di Giuseppe et al. (2020) article below.

 Related measure

Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales Q-Sort

Read more about defense mechanisms in psychology

References

Di Giuseppe, M., Perry, J. C., Lucchesi, M., Michelini, M., Vitiello, S.,

Piantanida, A., Fabiani, M., Maffei, S., & Conversano, C. (2020).

Preliminary validity and reliability of the novel self-report based on

the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales (DMRS-SR-30). Frontiers in

Psychiatry, 11, 870. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00870

 

Di Giuseppe, M., Perry, J. C., Petraglia, J., Janzen, J., & Lingiardi, V.

(2014). Development of a Q-Sort version of the Defense Mechanism

Rating Scales (DMRS-Q) for clinical use. Journal of Clinical

Psychology, 70(5), 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22089

 

Prout, T. A., Di Giuseppe, M.,  Zilcha-Mano, S.,  Perry, J. C. & Ciro C. (2022) Psychometric Properties of the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales-Self-Report-30 (DMRS-SR-30): Internal Consistency, Validity and Factor Structure, Journal of Personality Assessment, 104, 6, 833-843, DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2021.2019053

 

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Resource Link- Find More Tests :  A – Z Test Index

 

NOTICE:

The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.

 

Post Author

Geoffrey S. Sutton is a retired psychologist with post-doctoral credentials in neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. He is also Professor Emeritus of Psychology where he taught research methods and statistics to undergraduate and graduate psychology students. His website is   www.suttong.com

  

His books are available at   AMAZON         GOOGLE STORE

 

Connections on

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Read published articles:

 

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