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Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ) Measuring Bullying at Work

Measuring Bullying in the Workplace

Assessment name: Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ)


Scale overview:

The Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ) is a 9-item self-report rating scale derived from the 22-item Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) to assess bullying in the workplace (Notelaers et al., 2018). The SNAQ contains items for each of the three types of bullying (person-oriented, work-related, and social exclusion), which are rated on a 4-point frequency scale: never, occasionally, monthly, weekly or more often (Sutton, 2025, November 19).

Cite this post:

Sutton, G. W. (2025, November 19). Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ): Measuring bullying at work. Assessment, Statistics, and Research. https://statistics.suttong.com/2025/11/short-negative-acts-questionnaire-snaq.html

Read more about bullying:


  Bullying: Understanding the Psychology of Harm

Authors:

Guy Notelaers, Beatrice Van der Heijden, Helge Hoel &Ståle Einarsen

Response Type: The SNAQ uses a 4-point scale of frequency: (never, occasionally, monthly, weekly or more often).

Scale items- Examples:


1. Someone withholding information which affects your performance

3. Being ignored or excluded

5. Being shouted at or being a target of spontaneous rage

7. Being ignored or facing a hostile reaction when you approach


Psychometric properties



There is evidence for internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater types of reliability.

There is evidence of content validity and the authors reported construct and criterion validity in their Belgian adult sample.


Availability: 

The items can be found in Table 2 of Notelaers et al. (2018).

REFERENCES


Reference for the scale



Notelaers, G., Van der Heijden, B., Hoel, H., & Einarsen, S. (2018). Measuring bullying at work with the short-negative acts questionnaire: identification of targets and criterion validity. Work & Stress, 33(1), 58-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1457736




Reference for using scales in research:

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Reference for clinicians and students on understanding assessment

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Post Author

Geoffrey W. Sutton, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Evangel University, holds a master’s degree in counseling and a PhD in psychology from the University of Missouri-Columbia. His postdoctoral work encompassed education and supervision in forensic and neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. As a licensed psychologist, he conducted clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and provided psychotherapy for patients in various settings, including schools, hospitals, and private offices. During his tenure as a professor, Dr. Sutton taught courses on psychotherapy, assessment, and research. He has authored over one hundred publications, including books, book chapters, and articles in peer-reviewed psychology journals. 

His website is https://suttong.com 

You can find Dr. Sutton's books on   AMAZON    and  GOOGLE. 

Many publications are free to download at ResearchGate   and Academia  

Find chapters and essays on Substack. [ @GeoffreyWSutton ]


NOTICE:



The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.




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