Skip to main content

Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ) Measuring Bullying at Work

Measuring Bullying in the Workplace

Assessment name: Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ)


Scale overview:

The Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ) is a 9-item self-report rating scale derived from the 22-item Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) to assess bullying in the workplace (Notelaers et al., 2018). The SNAQ contains items for each of the three types of bullying (person-oriented, work-related, and social exclusion), which are rated on a 4-point frequency scale: never, occasionally, monthly, weekly or more often (Sutton, 2025, November 19).

Cite this post:

Sutton, G. W. (2025, November 19). Short Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ): Measuring bullying at work. Assessment, Statistics, and Research. https://statistics.suttong.com/2025/11/short-negative-acts-questionnaire-snaq.html

Read more about bullying:


  Bullying: Understanding the Psychology of Harm

Authors:

Guy Notelaers, Beatrice Van der Heijden, Helge Hoel &Ståle Einarsen

Response Type: The SNAQ uses a 4-point scale of frequency: (never, occasionally, monthly, weekly or more often).

Scale items- Examples:


1. Someone withholding information which affects your performance

3. Being ignored or excluded

5. Being shouted at or being a target of spontaneous rage

7. Being ignored or facing a hostile reaction when you approach


Psychometric properties



There is evidence for internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater types of reliability.

There is evidence of content validity and the authors reported construct and criterion validity in their Belgian adult sample.


Availability: 

The items can be found in Table 2 of Notelaers et al. (2018).

REFERENCES


Reference for the scale



Notelaers, G., Van der Heijden, B., Hoel, H., & Einarsen, S. (2018). Measuring bullying at work with the short-negative acts questionnaire: identification of targets and criterion validity. Work & Stress, 33(1), 58-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1457736




Reference for using scales in research:

Buy Creating Surveys on

GOOGLE BOOKS

 

AMAZON

 


 

 

 





Reference for clinicians and students on understanding assessment

Buy Applied Statistics for Counselors

 GOOGLE BOOKS

 

AMAZON

Post Author

Geoffrey W. Sutton, Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Evangel University, holds a master’s degree in counseling and a PhD in psychology from the University of Missouri-Columbia. His postdoctoral work encompassed education and supervision in forensic and neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. As a licensed psychologist, he conducted clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and provided psychotherapy for patients in various settings, including schools, hospitals, and private offices. During his tenure as a professor, Dr. Sutton taught courses on psychotherapy, assessment, and research. He has authored over one hundred publications, including books, book chapters, and articles in peer-reviewed psychology journals. 

His website is https://suttong.com 

You can find Dr. Sutton's books on   AMAZON    and  GOOGLE. 

Many publications are free to download at ResearchGate   and Academia  

Find chapters and essays on Substack. [ @GeoffreyWSutton ]


NOTICE:

The information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors, materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the article list.




Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Personal Self-Concept Questionnaire (PSQ)

  The Personal Self-Concept Questionnaire  ( PSQ )   Overview The Personal Self-Concept Questionnaire (PSQ) measures self-concept based on ratings of 18 items, which are grouped into four categories: Self-fulfilment, autonomy, honesty, and emotional self-concept. It is a likert-type rating scale with high internal consistency values and has been used with youth and adults. Subscales : The PSQ has four subscales 1. Self-fulfilment (6 items) 2. Autonomy (4 items) 3. Honesty (3 items) 4. Emotional self-concept (5 items)  ðŸ‘‰ [ Read more about Self-Concept and Self-Identity] The PSQ is a Likert-type scale with five response options ranging from totally disagree to totally agree. Reliability and Validity In the first study, coefficient alpha = .85 and in study two, alpha = .83. Data analysis supported a four-dimensional model (see the four categories above). Positive correlations with other self-concept measures were statistically significant. Other notes The authors e...
Post a Comment
Read more

Academic Self-Efficacy Scale ASE

  Overview The  Academic Self-Efficacy Scale is an application of Self-Efficacy Theory   to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance using 8-items rated on a 7-point scale. The work of Chemers et al. (2001) has been widely cited. Format The 8-items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = Very Untrue to 7 = Very True. Sample Items 2. I know how to take notes. 6. I usually do very well in school and at academic tasks.   Reliability, Validity, and Other Research notes In the article describing the development and use of the ASE, the authors observed: “As predicted, academic self-efficacy was significantly and directly related to academic expectations and academic performance.” (Chemers et al., 2001, p. 61)   Sutton et al. (2011) reported Cronbach's alpha of .83 in their study of academic self-esteem and personal strengths. ASE was highly positively correlated with ACT scores (.24) and GPA (.39)....
Post a Comment
Read more

Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ)

  Scale name: Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ) Scale overview: The Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ) is a 29-item self-report measure of both mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety. Author: Diana Kathleen May Response Type: Items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale following a “no response” option: 1 = Never 2 = Seldom 3 = Sometimes 4 = Often 5 = usually Sample items 1. I feel confident enough to ask questions  in my mathematics class. 6. I worry that I will not be able to get a  good grade in my mathematics course.   Subscales and basic statistics for the MSEAQ       Self-Efficacy M = 44.11, SD = 10.78, alpha = .93       Anxiety M = 46.47, SD = 12.61, alpha = .93       Total Scale M = 90.58, SD = 22.78, alpha = .96 Reliability: See the Cronbach’s alpha levels reported above. Validity: There were significant ...
Post a Comment
Read more