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Assessment
name: Self-Compassion Scale
(SCS)
Scale
overview: The Self-Compassion
Scale (SCS) is a 26 item self-report rating scale revealing compassionate
responses towards oneself in six categories.
Author: Kristin Neff
Response
Type: the scale
uses a five point rating scale of frequency where 1 = Almost Never and 5 =
Almost Always
Scale
items
There are
26 items, which are associated with six subscales (see below). Some items are reverse
scored.
1. I’m
disapproving and judgmental about my own flaws and inadequacies.
2. When I’m
feeling down I tend to obsess and fixate on everything that’s wrong.
3. When
things are going badly for me, I see the difficulties as part of life that
everyone goes through.
4. When I
think about my inadequacies, it tends to make me feel more separate and cut off
from the
rest of the
world.
5. I try to
be loving towards myself when I’m feeling emotional pain.
6. When I
fail at something important to me I become consumed by feelings of inadequacy.
7. When I'm
down, I remind myself that there are lots of other people in the world feeling
like I am.
8. When
times are really difficult, I tend to be tough on myself.
9. When
something upsets me I try to keep my emotions in balance.
10. When I
feel inadequate in some way, I try to remind myself that feelings of inadequacy
are shared
by most
people.
11. I’m
intolerant and impatient towards those aspects of my personality I don't like.
12. When
I’m going through a very hard time, I give myself the caring and tenderness I
need.
13. When
I’m feeling down, I tend to feel like most other people are probably happier
than I am.
14. When
something painful happens I try to take a balanced view of the situation.
15. I try
to see my failings as part of the human condition
16. When I
see aspects of myself that I don’t like, I get down on myself.
17. When I
fail at something important to me I try to keep things in perspective.
18. When
I’m really struggling, I tend to feel like other people must be having an
easier time of it.
19. I’m
kind to myself when I’m experiencing suffering.
20. When
something upsets me I get carried away with my feelings.
21. I can
be a bit cold-hearted towards myself when I'm experiencing suffering.
22. When
I'm feeling down I try to approach my feelings with curiosity and openness.
23. I’m
tolerant of my own flaws and inadequacies.
24. When
something painful happens I tend to blow the incident out of proportion.
25. When I
fail at something that's important to me, I tend to feel alone in my failure.
26. I try
to be understanding and patient towards those aspects of my personality I don't
like.
Psychometric
properties
Neff (2003)
reported total SCS score alpha of .92 and six subscale alphas ranging from .75
to .81.
Neff et al.
(2019) published psychometric data based on 20 diverse samples. They found
support for using the total score and the six subscale scores. The SCS was administered
in multiple languages. Internal consistency values were acceptable.
Scoring
the Self-Compassion Scale
The
following quote is taken from Dr. Neff’s letter and scale document.
SCORING KEY and the Six Subscales
Self-Kindness Items: 5, 12, 19,
23, 26
Self-Judgment Items (reverse scored): 1, 8, 11, 16, 21
Common Humanity Items: 3, 7, 10, 15
Isolation Items (reverse scored): 4, 13, 18, 25
Mindfulness Items: 9, 14, 17, 22
Over-identification Items (reverse scored): 2, 6, 20, 24
To reverse score items (1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1).
To compute a total self-compassion score, first reverse
score the negative subscale items - self judgment, isolation, and
over-identification. Then take the mean of each subscale, and compute a total
mean (the average of the six subscale means). When examining subscale scores,
higher scores on the self-judgment, isolation and over-identification scale
indicate less self-compassion before reverse-coding, and more self-compassion
after reverse coding. You can choose to report subscale scores with or without
reverse-coding, but these three negative subscales must be reverse coded before
calculating a total self-compassion score. Note that the scoring procedures are
slightly different than that used in the original scale article (Neff, 2003),
in which items were totaled rather than averaged. However, it is easier to
interpret the scores of the total mean is used and most researchers currently
report total SCS scores on a five-point scale.
Availability: Dr. Neff has kindly made her scale
widely available. Please cite her reference given below. A letter accompanying
her scale is as follows:
To Whom It May Concern:
Dr. Kristin Neff grants permission to use the
Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) for any purpose whatsoever, including
research, clinical work, teaching, etc.
Please cite:
Neff, K. D. (2003). Development and validation of a
scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
Permission is also given to translate the
Self-Compassion Scale using the analytic approach to validate the factor
structure that was established in:
Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Yarnell, L., Arimitsu,
K., Castilho, P., Ghorbani, N.,… Mantios, M. (2019). Examining the Factor Structure of the
Self-Compassion Scale using exploratory SEM bifactor analysis in 20 diverse
samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological
Assessment, 31 (1), 27-45.
Best wishes,
Kristin Neff, PhD
References
for the scale
Neff, K. D. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to
measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250.
Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Yarnell, L., Arimitsu, K.,
Castilho, P., Ghorbani, N.,… Mantios, M. (2019). Examining the Factor Structure of the
Self-Compassion Scale using exploratory SEM bifactor analysis in 20 diverse
samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological
Assessment, 31 (1), 27-45.
Reference
for using scales in research:
Buy Creating Surveys on
Reference
for clinicians on understanding assessment
Buy Applied Statistics for Counselors
NOTICE:
The
information about scales and measures is provided for clinicians and
researchers based on professional publications. The links to authors,
materials, and references can change. You may be able to locate details by
contacting the main author of the original article or another author on the
article list.
Post Author
Geoffrey W. Sutton PhD is
Emeritus Professor of Psychology who publishes book and articles about clinical
and social psychology including the psychology of religion. Website: www.suttong.com
Books available on AMAZON and the GOOGLE STORE
Connections
FACEBOOK Geoff
W. Sutton
TWITTER @Geoff.W.Sutton
PINTEREST www.pinterest.com/GeoffWSutton
Read many published articles
and book samples on:
Academia Geoff
W Sutton
ResearchGate Geoffrey W Sutton
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