Data or Datum and Statistics

Data. In behavioral research, the data are usually scores on scales or tests. But data may also be text in qualitative studies. Data is the plural of datum and takes a plural verb (e.g., data are).

Datum. A single unit of information, one response on a test or questionnaire.

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Academic Self-Efficacy Scale ASE

Overview The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale is an application of Self-Efficacy Theory to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance using 8-items rated on a 7-point scale. The work of Chemers et al. (2001) has been widely cited. Format The 8-items are rated on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = Very Untrue to 7 = Very True. Sample Items 2. I know how to take notes. 6. I usually do very well in school and at academic tasks. Reliability, Validity, and Other Research notes In the article describing the development and use of the ASE, the authors observed: “As predicted, academic self-efficacy was significantly and directly related to academic expectations and academic performance.” (Chemers et al., 2001, p. 61) Sutton et al. (2011) reported Cronbach's alpha of .83 in their study of academic self-esteem and personal strengths. ASE was highly positively correlated with ACT scores (.24) and GPA (.39)....

Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS)

Assessment name: Brief Self-Control Scale Scale overview: The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) is a 13-item self-report measure of self-control, which is also called self-discipline and willpower. Authors: June P. Tangney, Roy F. Baumeister, Angie L. Boone Response Type: Items are rated on a five-point scale of self-evaluation from 1 = not at all like me to 5 = very much like me. Scale items Example items include “I am good at resisting temptation” and “I have a hard time breaking bad habits” (reverse coded). Psychometric properties In their original publication, Tangney and others (2004) documented high internal consistency and retest values. High scores representing self-control were associated with academic success and better relationships whereas low scores were correlated with personal problems and problem relationships. Availability: The BSCS is widely used and available in many languages. The original 36-item scale and the Brief...

Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ)

Scale name: Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ) Scale overview: The Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Questionnaire (MSEAQ) is a 29-item self-report measure of both mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety. Author: Diana Kathleen May Response Type: Items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale following a “no response” option: 1 = Never 2 = Seldom 3 = Sometimes 4 = Often 5 = usually Sample items 1. I feel confident enough to ask questions in my mathematics class. 6. I worry that I will not be able to get a good grade in my mathematics course. Subscales and basic statistics for the MSEAQ Self-Efficacy M = 44.11, SD = 10.78, alpha = .93 Anxiety M = 46.47, SD = 12.61, alpha = .93 Total Scale M = 90.58, SD = 22.78, alpha = .96 Reliability: See the Cronbach’s alpha levels reported above. Validity: There were significant ...

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