Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Assessment name:      God and the Devil’s Ability to Influence One’s Conscience Scale overview: Two items measure beliefs about the ability of God and the devil to influence one’s conscience. Authors: W A Schutt & J J Exline, 2023 Response Type: A five choice rating scale of degree of influence: 1. no, definitely not 2. probably not 3. not sure 4. probably 5. yes, definitely Scale items: Item one asks about God’s ability to influence one’s conscience and item two asks about the power of the devil or demons to influence one’s conscience. Psychometric properties     God item M 3.31 and SD = 1.49   Devil item M 2.21 and SD = 1.26 The authors reported concurrent validity in a table of correlations with related measures. They also presented a model linking the beliefs with other conscience-related measures. Their measure of religiosity was Religious Belief Salience. Availability: The items are available on page 16 of Schutt & Exline, 2023 A rel

  Assessment name:   Preliminary Belief Questions About God’s and Satan’s Involvement in Life Events Scale overview: The Preliminary Belief Questions About God’s and Satan’s Involvement in Life Events is a 9-item survey used to evaluate the beliefs of Christian participants before they completed a study revealing their attribution of positive and negative events to God or Satan. Authors: Ray, Shanna D., Lockman, Jennifer D., Jones, Emily J., & Kelly, Melanie H. (2015) Response Type: Responses for the 9 items ranged from 1 to 5 on a 5-point rating scale from Strongly disagree , Disagree , No Opinion , Agree , to Strongly agree. Scale items There are nine items forming one scale. Six items refer to God’s involvement in life events. For example, items refer to God as causing positive or negative events. Two items mention Satan and refer to Satan’s existence and power to cause negative events. Psychometric properties The survey was completed by 109 participants. The res

  Assessment name:   Redemptive Violence and Belief in Evil Measure Scale overview:  The Redemptive Violence and Belief in Evil Measure consists of 14-items divided into two scales measuring the degree of agreement with the redemptive value of violence and beliefs about good and evil. Authors: Maggie Campbell, Johanna Ray Vollhardt Response Type: Each item is rated on a 7-point scale of agreement from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7). Scale items: There are 14 items divided into two scales: Redemptive Violence and Belief in Evil. The Redemptive Violence items include statements about the moral justification of force and violence. The Belief in Evil scale includes statements about people who may be considered good or evil.   Psychometric properties Cronbach alpha values:   RV = .90, BE = .82 The two factors presented as two scales were supported by factor analyses—see Table 1. Both RV and BE were positively correlated with beliefs about the death pen

  Islamic Center of America (Bing Free to Share & Use/ Wikipedia) Assessment name:   Islamophobia Scale (IS) Scale overview: The Islamophobia Scale (IS) is a 16-item, two-factor, self-report measure of a person’s fear-related attitudes toward Muslims and the religion of Islam. Authors: Lee, Gibbons, and Thompson Response Type: Scale items: There are 8 items for each of two factors (subscales) for a total of 16 items. AB factor: Islamophobia Affective-Behavioral Items include statements about avoiding contact with Muslims and concerns about safety around Muslims. CG factor: Islamophobia Cognitive Items include statements about Islam and danger, violence, evil, and killing of non-Muslims as well as Islam as anti-American. Psychometric properties Internal consistency: Alpha values: For scale AB = .92, Scale CG = .93 (Lee et al., 2013) Tests-retest reliability: For an average of 11.56 days, the values for each scale were AB = .85, CG = .96 (Lee et al., 2013).

  Assessment name:   Purpose in Life Scale (PIL) Scale overview: The Purpose in Life Scale (PIL) uses 20 items to measure a person’s view of their purpose in life or the meaningfulness of life. Authors: Crumbaugh and Maholick Response Type: Part A: A self-report 7-point rating scale. Part B: 13 sentence-completion items about one’s life purpose Part C: respondents are asked to write a paragraph, which includes such concepts as life goals, hopes, and so forth. Research has focused on the part A items. The unique anchors have been changed to a 7-point scale of agreement by other researchers. Sample Scale items Sample Part A Item 1 original format I am usually 1=Completely bored‚ 2‚ 3‚ 4=Neutral‚ 5‚ 6‚ 7 = exuberant‚ enthusiastic Sample Part A Item 2 revised rating anchors from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree Life to me seems always exciting.   Psychometric properties High scores represent a greater sense of meaning in life and low scores indi