Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Assessment name:   Ironson-Woods Spirituality/ Religiousness Index (IWSRI) Scale overview: The Ironson-Woods Spirituality/ Religiousness Index (IWSRI) is a 22-item self-report measure measuring two dimensions of spirituality and two dimensions of religiousness (Ironson et al., 2002).   Authors : Gail Ironson, Teresa Woods   Response Type: Items are rated on a scale of agreement from 1 to 5. Scale items The 22 items were associated with four factors. The items measure a diverse range of beliefs about God, life, and health as well as religious behavior such as attendance at services and participation in religious activities. Following are the factor names and association with spirituality or religiousness.    Spirituality Sense of Peace Compassionate View of Others    Religiousness Faith in God Religious Behavior Psychometric properties Ironson et al. (2002) provided values indicating adequate internal consistency a...

  Assessment name:   International Cognitive Ability Resource Sample Test (ICAR) Scale overview: The International Cognitive Ability Resource Sample Test (ICAR-16) is a 16-item assessment of cognitive ability in four domains. Authors: David Condon and William Revelle   Response Type: Items are rated on a scale of agreement from Scale items International Cognitive Ability Resource scale items are protected but available to registered users. The 16-items version includes 4-items per cognitive domain. Following are the 4 domains. LN – Letter number Series MR – Matrix Reasoning VR – Verbal Reasoning R3D – three-dimensional reasoning Psychometric properties Merz et al. (2022) reported a normal distribution of  International Cognitive Ability Resource scale  scores and positive correlations with level of education, income, and a self-estimate of intelligence. There were no gender differences on the total score. Lace and Evans (2021) found a...

  Assessment name:        Values in Action – Inventory of Strengths – Revised (VIA-IS-R) Scale overview: The Values in Action – Inventory of Strengths – Revised (VIA-IS-R) is a 192-item self-report inventory of 24 character strengths associated with one of 6 virtues. The VIA-IS-R is a revision of the earlier VIA based on the theory developed by Peterson and Seligman (2004). As a measure that increases self-awareness using questions to identify thinking, feeling, and behavior, the VIA measures the central core Self of the SCOPES model along with common psychological functioning of Cognition, Emotion, and Observable behavior patterns albeit, the instrument relies on self-report. Authors: Martin Seligman and Chris Peterson (2004) Robert McGrath wrote the technical manual for the revised edition (2019).   Response Type: Items are rated on a 7-point scale of agreement from Very Strongly Disagree to Very Strongly Agree. Scales and items ...

  In psychological assessment using projective tests, clinicians provide patients with ambiguous words, sentences, or images and look for themes in their response patterns that indicate the person's mood, anxieties, needs, motives, attitudes, and conflicts about which the person may have varied degrees of awareness. In order to improve the reliability of scoring, some researchers developed scoring systems, which allowed for the examination of consistency among different clinicians scoring the same record and validity studies linking test results to clinical diagnoses or other measures less reliant on clinical judgment. These scoring systems have been challenged in terms of reliability and validity of the scores. Classic psychological tests based on the projective hypothesis include the Rorschach Inkblot test, the Thematic Apperception Test, House-Tree-Person Test, and the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank. There are many other tests along these lines. Following are examples of a few...

  Assessment name:   Forgiveness Reconciliation Inventory Scale overview: The Forgiveness Reconciliation Inventory is a 24-item assessment of forgiveness and reconciliation.   Author: Richard S. Balkin   Response Type: FRI items are presented along with a pair of words with five boxes in between the two words. Participants check the box to indicate how closely a word matches their feelings. Scale items In the Forgiveness Reconciliation Inventory study by Balkin et al. (2014), the authors presented evidence for 24-items organized into four subscales of six items each. The four subscales are: Collaborative Exploration, Role of Reconciliation, Remorse/Change, Interpersonal/Intrapersonal. Scores for each subscale range from 6 to 30 and can be plotted on a profile as illustrated in the article. Psychometric properties The authors presented means and standard deviations as well as Cronbach alpha values ranging from 0.88 to 0.93 for the four subscales. F...

  Assessment name:   Desire to Reconcile Scale Scale overview: The Desire to Reconcile Scale is a 4-item rating scale developed by Woodyatt and Wenzel (2014) to assess the willingness of an offender to reconcile with the person they offended. Authors: Lydia Woodyatt and Michael Wenzel Response Type: Items are rated on a scale of agreement from 0 = Do not Agree at all, 3 = Neutral, and 6 = Strongly Agree. Scale items The scale includes four items.   Psychometric properties The authors’ findings revealed adequate internal consistency (alpha = 0.82) and they provided support for validity in the form of correlations with self-forgiveness and self-trust. Griffin (2016) reported a positive correlation between Decisional Affirmation of Values scale and the Desire to Reconcile Scale. Availability: The four items are included in Woodyatt and Wenzel (2014). Reference for the scale Woodyatt, L., & Wenzel, M. (2014). A needs-based perspective on sel...