Assessment, Statistics, and Research

  Covariate . A variable that is correlated with a dependent variable in a research study. When a covariate is identified and measured, the value of the dependent variable can be adjusted for the contribution of the covariate during data analysis. Example: If researchers collect information on the variable age in a study about forgiveness and if age is related to forgiveness, then age can be treated as a covariate to identify how people scored on a forgiveness survey after the scores have been adjusted for age. The word adjusted is a key word to look for in reading research that includes a covariate. Procedures that include covariates are ANCOVA and MANCOVA . Cite this post. Sutton, G. W. (2021, January 14). Covariate. Statistics .  https://statistics.suttong.com/2021/01/covariate.html Please subscribe to this blog for updated statistics and measures. Applied Statistics Concepts for Counselors on  AMAZON  or  GOOGLE Creating Surveys on AMAZON    or   GOOGLE  Worldwide Links to Connect

  MANCOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Covariance). A statistical procedure for analyzing results when there are one or more independent variables , two or more dependent variables , and one or more covariates . Basic components of MANCOVA Independent or grouping Variable = 1 or more Dependent or criterion Variable = 2 or more Covariates = 1 or more Overall tests are used to determine significant effects or differences among the grouping variables. An F test indicates significance overall and for specific effects or relationships. A commonly reported measure of effect size is eta squared. A p value reveals the probability of a significant relationship-- one that is not due to chance factors. Applied Statistics Concepts for Counselors on  AMAZON  or  GOOGLE Creating Surveys on AMAZON    or   GOOGLE  Worldwide Links to Connections   Checkout My Website     www.suttong.com    See my Books      AMAZON             GOOGLE STORE   JOIN me on      FACEBOOK     Geoff W. Sutton          TWITTER  

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory - 13 (NPI-13) was developed by Gentile et al. (2013). It is a shortened version of the 40-item NPI. The authors describe trait narcissism as a trait on a continuum with features of "a grandiose sense of self, feelings of entitlement, and a dominant and antagonistic interpersonal style (p. 1120)." Scale and subscales The NPI-13 has three subscales (Cronbach  alpha values in parentheses): Leadership/authority (.66) Grandiose Exhibitionism (.65) Entitlement/ exploitativeness (.51) Total Scale alpha = .73. Psychometric Properties In general, the three NPI scales were significantly positively correlated with grandiose scales from the PNI and NGS, psychological entitlement, and both self-report and interview-based symptom of NPD. All three were also positively related to self-esteem scores," (Gentile et al., 2013, p. 1124). The authors also found positive correlations between the NPI scales and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders of paranoid